What is Legal Tender?
Legal tender refers to the type of currency that the government has officially declared to be acceptable for conducting financial transactions within a country. Legal tender varies from country to country as different countries defines and regulates their legal tender according to their monetary laws and policies. For instance, the U.S. dollar is legal tender in United States, whereas for Eurozone countries the legal tender is euro. In India, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is authorized to issue banknotes under RBI Act of 1934, which emphasises that “every banknote shall be legal tender at any place in India for the amount expressed on it”.
Legal tender can be categorized as either limited or unlimited. In India, coins are considere limited legal tender and currency notes are considered unlimited legal tender. In the U.S., Federal Reserve notes and coins are the official forms of legal tender. Creditors must accept these are payment modes to settle debts. In contrast, cryptocurrencies are not widely accepted as money because they do not possess a legal tender status except in El Salvador that became the first country to recognise bitcoin as legal tender in June 2021. In May 2013, the governor of Arizona allowed gold and silver coins to be used as a legal tender in the state alongwith the existing U.S. currency. Though it varies from one country to another, legal tender is the currency that a specific country’s laws recognise as valid for settling debts and conducting other financial obligations.
Importance of Legal Tender
- Ensures that there is a uniform and accepted form of money for transactions that further simplifies financial exchanges and reduces confusion in the conduction of payments.
- Provides a clear framework for settling debts. Creditors are legally required to accept legal tender for payment, which ensures that debts can be resolved consistently and transparently.
- Through legal tender laws, governments and central banks can regulate and manage the economy better. It allows for control over the money supply and helps prevent inflation or deflation issues related to unofficial currencies.
- Legal tender provides a legal basis for resolving disputes over payments. It establishes the official form of money that must be accepted in transactions.
