How secure is offline UPI?

Offline UPI is considered secure as it is regulated by the NPCI (National Payments Corporation of India) and protected by your UPI PIN authentication for every transaction. Transactions, often conducted via USSD sessions (*99#) or services like UPI 123PAY, are encrypted and time-bound, minimizing the risk of fraud. Users must always keep their UPI PIN secure, treating it like an ATM PIN.