What are the 4 ADR mechanisms?

The four primary Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms widely recognized are Negotiation, Mediation, Conciliation, and Arbitration. Negotiation involves direct discussions between parties to reach a settlement. Mediation and Conciliation both utilize a neutral third party to assist in resolution, with the conciliator often taking a more active, advisory role. Arbitration uses a neutral third party to issue a binding decision, similar to a court ruling. These mechanisms offer ways to resolve disputes outside of traditional litigation.